{"id":5337,"date":"2022-10-06T11:22:33","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T14:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/clairfield-pilulas\/o-que-sao-leverage-buyouts-lbos\/"},"modified":"2026-09-29T12:08:30","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T15:08:30","slug":"o-que-sao-leverage-buyouts-lbos","status":"publish","type":"pilulas","link":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/en\/clairfield-pilulas\/o-que-sao-leverage-buyouts-lbos\/","title":{"rendered":"What are Leverage Buyouts (LBOs)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O uso de d\u00edvida para financiar aquisi\u00e7\u00f5es (LBOs) \u00e9 uma alavanca que pode ser utilizada por investidores financeiros para amplificar seus retornos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LBOs marcaram a d\u00e9cada de 1980 dos mercados de capitais, com o caso mais famoso ocorrendo em 1988, quando a firma de private equity Kohlberg Kravis Roberts &#038; Co. adquiriu a RJR Nabisco por US$ 25 Bn, o maior LBO j\u00e1 visto at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o. O winning bid da KKR p\u00f4s fim a negocia\u00e7\u00f5es que envolveram, essencialmente, todos os grandes bancos de investimento de Wall Street e que foram descritas no livro \u201cBarbarians at the Gate\u201d (1989) como um \u201cembate de egos jamais visto\u201d entre Henry Kravis (Managing Partner da KKR) e Ross Johnson (CEO da RJR Nabisco).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apesar dos LBOs serem comumente vistos como um s\u00edmbolo da gan\u00e2ncia do setor financeiro, autores defendem que eles foram essenciais para corrigir empresas que reinvestiam seus lucros equivocamente e para fortalecer a gest\u00e3o empresarial centrada no acionista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- pilula-html v1 -->\n<style>\n.pil{--navy:#2d3a51;--blue:#4f6388;--light:#8599b9;--pale:#e8ebf1;--card:#d3d9e3;--red:#c0272d;--txt:#333;font-family:\"Merriweather Sans\",sans-serif;color:var(--txt);margin-top:40px}\n.pil *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.pil img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}\n.pil-sec{margin:0 0 56px}\n.pil-sec h2{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.35;font-weight:700;padding:16px 20px;border-radius:0 0 28px 0;margin:0 0 20px;text-wrap:balance}\n.pil-sub{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);border-bottom:2px solid var(--navy);padding-bottom:6px;margin:0 0 16px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:flex-end}\n.pil-tag{color:var(--red);border-top:2px solid var(--red);border-bottom:2px solid var(--red);font-size:12px;padding:2px 8px;white-space:nowrap}\n.pil-unit{font-size:12px;font-style:italic;color:#999;font-weight:700}\n.pil-src{font-size:11px;color:#777;margin-top:14px;line-height:1.5}\n.pil-p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 12px}\n.pil-note{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;background:var(--pale);border:1.5px dashed var(--navy);border-radius:10px;padding:12px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;margin-top:18px}\n.pil-note::before{content:\"\";flex:none;width:26px;height:26px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--navy) url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='white' stroke-width='1.8' stroke-linecap='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M9 18h6M10 21h4M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.5 10.9c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2.1h5c0-.9.4-1.6 1-2.1A6 6 0 0 0 12 3z'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\") center\/16px no-repeat}\n.pil-note.solid{border-style:solid;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}\n.pil-note.solid::before{display:none}\n.pil-grid2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px}\n.pil-grid2.wide-left{grid-template-columns:1.75fr 1fr}\n.pil-grid2.wide-right{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.75fr}\n.pil-grid3{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px}\n.pil-grid4{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px}\n.pil-grid5{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:12px}\n.pil-grid2>*,.pil-grid3>*,.pil-grid4>*,.pil-grid5>*{min-width:0}\n.pil-legend{font-size:12px;display:flex;gap:14px;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:6px}\n.pil-legend span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}\n.pil-legend i{width:14px;height:10px;display:inline-block}\n\/* grafico de colunas: .pil-bars > div[style=height:%] > span (valor); .pil-years > span *\/\n.pil-bars{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:2.2%;height:240px;border-bottom:1.5px solid #333;padding:22px 1% 0}\n.pil-bars>div{flex:1;background:var(--light);position:relative;min-height:1px}\n.pil-bars>div.e{background:var(--blue)}\n.pil-bars>div.cur{background:var(--navy)}\n.pil-bars>div>span{position:absolute;top:-19px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap}\n.pil-years{display:flex;gap:2.2%;padding:4px 1% 0;font-size:11px;text-align:center}\n.pil-years span{flex:1}\n.pil-cagr{text-align:center;font-size:12px;font-weight:700}\n.pil-cagr span{display:inline-block;border:1.5px solid #222;border-radius:50%;padding:2px 8px;margin-top:4px}\n\/* barras horizontais: .pil-hbars > .r > (b nome) (.bar > i[style=width:%]) (em valor) *\/\n.pil-hbars{display:grid;gap:8px;font-size:13px}\n.pil-hbars .r{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(90px,30%) 1fr auto;gap:10px;align-items:center}\n.pil-hbars .bar{background:var(--pale);height:18px}\n.pil-hbars .bar i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--blue)}\n.pil-hbars em{font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);min-width:48px;text-align:right}\n\/* cartoes de numeros *\/\n.pil-box{border:2px solid var(--navy);border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;background:#fff}\n.pil-box>h3{margin:0;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-size:14px;text-align:center;padding:8px}\n.pil-stat{text-align:center;padding:16px 14px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.45}\n.pil-stat strong{display:block;font-size:40px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:800;line-height:1.1}\n.pil-stat strong small{font-size:22px}\n.pil-stat em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue);font-weight:700}\n.pil-card{background:#fff;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.14);padding:14px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5}\n.pil-card h3{font-size:15px;color:var(--navy);margin:0 0 8px}\n.pil-card.tint{background:var(--card);box-shadow:none}\n\/* listas e fatos *\/\n.pil-list{margin:0;padding-left:18px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}\n.pil-list li{margin-bottom:6px}\n.pil-fact{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;padding-left:14px;border-left:3px solid var(--light)}\n.pil-fact.dark{border-color:var(--navy)}\n.pil-fact b{color:var(--navy)}\n.pil-fact big{font-size:20px;font-weight:800;color:var(--navy)}\n.pil-hl{color:var(--blue);font-weight:700}\n\/* tabela *\/\n.pil-tw{overflow-x:auto}\n.pil-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px}\n.pil-table th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;text-align:left;padding:8px 10px;font-weight:700}\n.pil-table td{padding:7px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid #d8dce4;vertical-align:top}\n.pil-table tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#f5f6f9}\n.pil-table .n{text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap}\n\/* linha do tempo *\/\n.pil-time{display:grid;gap:14px;border-left:2px dashed var(--light);padding-left:18px;margin-left:6px}\n.pil-time>div{position:relative;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}\n.pil-time>div::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-25px;top:5px;width:12px;height:12px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--navy)}\n.pil-time b.y{display:block;color:var(--light);font-size:16px;font-weight:800}\n\/* figuras (recortes do slide) *\/\n.pil-fig{margin:0}\n.pil-fig figcaption{text-align:center;font-weight:800;color:var(--light);font-size:16px;margin-top:4px}\n.pil-brand{background:var(--card);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden}\n.pil-brand p{margin:0;text-align:center;font-size:20px;font-weight:800;font-style:italic;color:var(--navy);padding:10px 0 12px}\n@media (max-width:700px){\n  .pil-grid2,.pil-grid2.wide-left,.pil-grid2.wide-right{grid-template-columns:1fr}\n  .pil-grid3,.pil-grid4,.pil-grid5{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}\n  .pil-sec h2{font-size:17px}\n  .pil-bars{height:180px}\n  .pil-bars>div>span{font-size:10px}\n  .pil-years{font-size:9px}\n}\n@media (max-width:480px){\n  .pil-bars{gap:1.2%}\n  .pil-years{gap:1.2%;font-size:8px}\n  .pil-bars>div>span{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:-.3px}\n  .pil-bars:has(>div:nth-child(13))>div>span{writing-mode:vertical-rl;transform:translateX(-50%) rotate(180deg);top:auto;bottom:100%;padding-bottom:2px}\n  .pil-years:has(>span:nth-child(13)) span{writing-mode:vertical-rl;transform:rotate(180deg);margin:0 auto}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"pil\">\n\n<section class=\"pil-sec\">\n  <h2>A d\u00e9cada de 1980 foi marcada por <i>boom<\/i> de LBOs, gra\u00e7as ao excesso de caixa em diversas empresas listadas em bolsa e ao cen\u00e1rio favor\u00e1vel \u00e0 emiss\u00e3o de d\u00edvidas<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"pil-grid2 wide-right\">\n    <div class=\"pil-card\" style=\"border:2px solid var(--navy)\">\n      <h3>O que s\u00e3o LBOs?<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"pil-list\">\n        <li><i>Leverage Buyouts (LBOs)<\/i> s\u00e3o aquisi\u00e7\u00f5es financiadas com <b>parcela substancial de d\u00edvida<\/b> (+40% do pre\u00e7o total, chegando \u00e0s vezes \u00e0 95%!)<\/li>\n        <li>Costumam ser executadas por <b>investidores financeiros, amplificando retornos com a d\u00edvida<\/b> e usando fluxo de caixa da opera\u00e7\u00e3o para repagar empr\u00e9stimos<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n    <div>\n      <div class=\"pil-sub\">Volume anual de LBOs (bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares)<\/div>\n      <div class=\"pil-bars\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Volume anual de LBOs, em bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares: 1980 0,6; 1981 2,2; 1982 0,8; 1983 5,1; 1984 5,2; 1985 12,4; 1986 18,9; 1987 11,1; 1988 52,4; 1989 13,4; 1990 12,9; 1991 8,5; 1992 10,5\">\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:1.1%\"><span>0,6<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:4.2%\"><span>2,2<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:1.5%\"><span>0,8<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:9.7%\"><span>5,1<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:9.9%\"><span>5,2<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:23.7%\"><span>12,4<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:36.1%\"><span>18,9<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:21.2%\"><span>11,1<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"cur\" style=\"height:100%\"><span>52,4<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:25.6%\"><span>13,4<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:24.6%\"><span>12,9<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:16.2%\"><span>8,5<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"e\" style=\"height:20%\"><span>10,5<\/span><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"pil-years\"><span>1980<\/span><span>1981<\/span><span>1982<\/span><span>1983<\/span><span>1984<\/span><span>1985<\/span><span>1986<\/span><span>1987<\/span><span><b>1988<\/b><\/span><span>1989<\/span><span>1990<\/span><span>1991<\/span><span>1992<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"pil-grid2\" style=\"gap:12px;margin-top:14px\">\n        <div class=\"pil-fact dark\"><b>1988:<\/b> Aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o da RJR Nabisco pela KKR &amp; Co.<\/div>\n        <div class=\"pil-fact dark\"><b>1990:<\/b> Colapso da Drexel Burnham Lambert e das <i>junk bonds<\/i><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pil-note\"><span>O Boom de LBOs na d\u00e9cada de 1980 ocorreu por 3 motivos principais:<br>\u2022 Redu\u00e7\u00e3o das taxas de juros<br>\u2022 Populariza\u00e7\u00e3o das <i>junk bonds<\/i>, dividas de elevado risco que permitiam alavancagens maiores<br>\u2022 Elevado n\u00famero de IPOs nas d\u00e9cadas anteriores, ampliando o universo de alvos potenciais<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pil-src\">Fonte: Capital IQ; An\u00e1lise \u00c1rtica<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"pil-sec\">\n  <h2>Apesar de se popularizarem como s\u00edmbolo de gan\u00e2ncia, as LBOs possuem um papel importante em assegurar a efici\u00eancia dos mercados<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"pil-grid2\">\n    <div class=\"pil-card\" style=\"border:2px solid var(--navy);align-self:start\">\n      <h3>Import\u00e2ncia das LBOs<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"pil-list\">\n        <li>Tim Koller <i>(em \u201cValuation: mensurando e gerindo valor das empresas\u201d)<\/i> argumenta que muitas empresas maduras reinvestem seu caixa em atividades pouco promissoras, ao inv\u00e9s de distribuir dividendos&#8230;<\/li>\n        <li>&#8230;Nesses casos, <b>interven\u00e7\u00e3o externa via LBO pode corrigir essa aloca\u00e7\u00e3o sub-\u00f3tima de caixa e gerar mais valor para os acionistas<\/b><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"pil-box\">\n      <h3><b>Os b\u00e1rbaros no port\u00e3o:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight:400\">a aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o da RJR Nabisco pela KKR &amp; Co. em 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div style=\"display:grid;gap:12px;padding:14px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5\">\n        <div>RJR Nabisco <b>gerava bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares<\/b> por ano nos setores de tabaco e alimentos <i>(com marcas como Oreo e Ritz Crackers)&#8230;<\/i><\/div>\n        <div>&#8230;Contudo, seus lucros iam para <b>benef\u00edcios corporativos excessivos<\/b> <i>(campos de golfe privados e frotas de jatos)<\/i> <b>e setores pouco sin\u00e9rgicos<\/b> <i>(participa\u00e7\u00e3o nos canais ESPN)<\/i><\/div>\n        <div>Em um dos LBOs mais conhecidos da hist\u00f3ria, a KKR &amp; Co. adquiriu a RJR Nabisco por cerca de <b>US$ 25 Bn, o maior LBO j\u00e1 visto at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o<\/b><\/div>\n        <div style=\"display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-livro.jpg\" alt=\"Capa do livro Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco, de Bryan Burrough e John Helyar\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:70px;flex:none\"><span><b>Sugest\u00e3o de leitura:<\/b> a hist\u00f3ria por tr\u00e1s do LBO \u00e9 contada no livro <i>\u201cBarbarians at the Gate\u201d<\/i>, de Bryan B. e John H.<\/span><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pil-src\">Fonte: <i>Barbarians at the Gate<\/i> (1989); <i>Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies (1990)<\/i>; An\u00e1lise \u00c1rtica<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"pil-sec\">\n  <h2>Algumas das transa\u00e7\u00f5es mais not\u00e1veis deste s\u00e9culo foram LBOs:<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"pil-tw\">\n    <table class=\"pil-table\">\n      <thead><tr><th>Comprador<\/th><th><i>Target<\/i><\/th><th>Data<\/th><th>Setor<\/th><th>Coment\u00e1rios<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-blackstone.png\" alt=\"Blackstone\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:90px\"><\/td>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-hilton.png\" alt=\"Hilton Hotels &amp; Resorts\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:70px\"><\/td>\n          <td class=\"n\">Jul\/2007<\/td>\n          <td>Hotelaria<\/td>\n          <td>Aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o da rede <i>premium<\/i> de hotelaria por US$ 26 bilh\u00f5es, consolidando a tese de hotelaria da Blackstone<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-3g.png\" alt=\"3G Capital\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:110px\"><\/td>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-burgerking.png\" alt=\"Burger King\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:56px\"><\/td>\n          <td class=\"n\">Set\/2010<\/td>\n          <td>Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n          <td>Aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o da rede de <i>fast-food<\/i> por US$ 4 bilh\u00f5es, com cerca de US$ 2,8 bilh\u00f5es financiados com d\u00edvida<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-silverlake.png\" alt=\"Silver Lake\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:120px\"><\/td>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-dell.png\" alt=\"Dell\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:56px\"><\/td>\n          <td class=\"n\">Fev\/2013<\/td>\n          <td>Tecnologia<\/td>\n          <td>Compra das a\u00e7\u00f5es pelo fundador da empresa (<i>Management Buyout<\/i>), em parceria com SilverLake, tornando a empresa privada por US$ 24 bilh\u00f5es<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-3g.png\" alt=\"3G Capital\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:110px\"><\/td>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-kraftheinz.png\" alt=\"Kraft Heinz\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:120px\"><\/td>\n          <td class=\"n\">Mar\/2015<\/td>\n          <td>Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n          <td>Fus\u00e3o da Kraft Foods com a Heinz, com participa\u00e7\u00e3o do bilion\u00e1rio americano Warren Buffet<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-kkr.png\" alt=\"KKR\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100px\"><\/td>\n          <td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artica.capital\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5337-tim.png\" alt=\"TIM\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:90px\"><\/td>\n          <td class=\"n\"><i>Ongoing<\/i><\/td>\n          <td>Telecom.<\/td>\n          <td>Transa\u00e7\u00e3o da ordem de \u20ac 10,8 bilh\u00f5es em discuss\u00e3o atualmente<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pil-src\">Fonte: Reuters; Exame; CNN; An\u00e1lise \u00c1rtica<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The use of debt to finance acquisitions (LBOs) is a lever that can be used by financial investors to amplify their returns.<br \/>\nLBOs marcaram a d\u00e9cada de 1980 dos mercados de capitais, com o caso mais famoso ocorrendo em 1988, quando a firma de private equity Kohlberg Kravis Roberts &#038; Co. adquiriu a RJR Nabisco por US$ 25 Bn, o maior LBO j\u00e1 visto at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5333,"template":"","meta":[],"class_list":["post-5337","pilulas","type-pilulas","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pilulas\/5337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pilulas"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/pilulas"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artica.capital\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}